CONTENTS № 5/2020 |
ON THE 75-TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE GREAT VICTORY |
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УДК 94(100) «1939/45» Borevskiy B.V. (HYDEC) // borevsky@hydec.ru MILITARY GEOLOGISTS MAJORING IN «HYDROGEOLOGY AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY» DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR The article tells about the little-known role of military geologists in providing military operations on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Mapping of tank patency, water barriers, providing field water supply to troops. The actions of the MGT provided a more effective conduct of combat offensive operations, including in territories beyond the borders of the USSR, a theater of operations unknown to our troops. Keywords: Great Patriotic War, military geologists, the army corps of engineers. p. 3-6 |
HYDROGEOLOGY |
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УДК 556.3:340.13 Yazvin A.L. (HYDEC) // alyazvin@hydec.ru ONCE AGAIN ABOUT «GROUNDWATER AND MINERALS» It has been proved that groundwater belongs to mineral resources. The negative consequences due to the rejection of this principle in the Law «On Subsoil» 2020 are considered. The proposals are formulated that eliminate the contradictions of the Law «On Subsoil», Water and Tax codes regarding the use of the concept of «minerals». Keywords: groundwater, minerals, legislation. p. 7-12 |
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УДК 502.7, 504.61, 550.812 Borevskiy B.V. (HYDEC) // borevsky@hydec.ru Grabovnikov V.A. (Hydrospetsgeology) // gravaler@yandex.ru CHALLENGES OF IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF HYDROGEOLOGICAL STUDIES AND THEIR REGULATORY AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT TO JUSTIFY THE PLACEMENT OF LIQUID WASTE IN SUBSOILS Based on the comparative analysis of the composition and hazard class of liquid wastes of production and consumption, as well as the geological and hydrogeological conditions of subsoil areas selected for these purposes, a differentiation of regulatory requirements is proposed. It is proposed to divide all liquid production wastes into 2 groups: toxic biohazardous industrial production waste (landfill into the subsoil); non-toxic and low-toxic waste arising in the process of processing solid and liquid minerals mined from subsoil (return to the subsoil). It is proposed to substantially liberalize the existing requirements for the placement of liquid waste in the subsoil and, first of all, for non-toxic and low-toxic drains and when liquid wastes extracted from subsoil are returned there. Keywords: liquid waste, mining, placement (burial) in the subsurface, return to the subsurface, regulatory requirements, stages of geological exploration. p. 12-16 |
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УДК 551.345:537 Kozak S.Z. (HYDEC) Ageev V.V. (TsGEMI IPP RAS) // ageevvv@yandex.ru Shabanov A.V. (HYDEC) // saratov@hydec.ru Bogomolova L.S. (HYDEC) // info@hydec.ru SOLVING HYDROGEOLOGICAL ISSUES IN AN ORE DEPOSIT UNDER DIFFICULT GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN THE PERMAFROST ZONE USING GEOPHYSICAL METHODS The article describes the experience of using a complex of geophysical methods to assess hydrogeological conditions in a complex geological section in the permafrost zone. Aquatorial geophysical studies made it possible to isolate taliks under streams and to estimate their size. Based on the results of soundings of the PMZ, the position of a hydrogeologically significant tectonic disturbance in the stratified sequence certified by hydrogeological wells was established. Keywords: aquatorial and terrestrial geophysics, taliks, transient soundings, tectonic disturbance. p. 16-20 |
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УДК 551.1/4(551.32) Krapivner R.B. (HYDEC) // krapivner@hydec.ru THE CRISIS OF GEOLOGICAL MAPPING OF POSTULATED PLEISTOCENE GLACIATIONS AREAS Тhe state geological mapping of the quaternary deposits of the northern plains reflects changes in the time of the geographical environment associated with the alternation of glacial and interglacial eras against the background of the unshakable crust of the earth. The principles for compiling such maps are based on artifacts due to an erroneous understanding of the balance of forces that control the movement of glaciers. The gravitational nature of these forces and the rheology of glacier ice determines the impossibility of the glacier acting on its place with the appearance of glaciotectonic dislocations, glacial rejects, pressure moraines, etc. A brief analysis is made of the physical foundations of the theory of the tectonic origin of near-surface sedimentary cover dislocations, taken for the manifestations of glaciotectonics. These dislocations are not rootless and reflect the neotectonic, including modern, stressed state of sedimentary cover rocks in the zones of their development. Geological mapping of such zones at the level of modern geological science allows us to determine the nature of this stress state, which should be taken into account in hydrogeological and geological- engineering surveys, as well as in geological exploration for hydrocarbons. Keywords: geological map, Quaternary deposits, glacial theory, neotectonics, stresses, deformations, glaciology. p. 20-28 |
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УДК 556.3(571.65/.66) Glotov V.E. (Northeast complex research institute of the Far Eastern branch of the Russian academy of sciences, Magadan) // geoecol@neisri.ru TALIKS OF MOUNTAIN-VALLEY GLACIATION REGIONS IN ZAPOLYARNAYA CHUKOTKA The results of hydrogeological work on areas of late Pleistocene glaciation in Zapolyarnaya Chukotka are presented. The confinement of the aquifers of taliks to the trough river valleys is shown, without regard to their catchment area. It is concluded that trough valleys and former glacial circuses are promising for searching fresh underground water deposits and for storing them. Keywords: Arctic Chukotka, Arctic seas, mountain-valley glaciation, permafrost zone, taliks, aquiferous glacial deposits. p. 28-32 |
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УДК 556.38 Borevsky B.V. (HYDEC) // borevsky@hydec.ru Sekerina I.N. (HYDEC) // sekerina@hydec.ru Yazvin A.L. (HYDEC) // alyazvin@hydec.ru ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM LONG-TERM MONITORING OF THE BORJOMI DEPOSIT OF CARBON DIOXIDE MINERAL WATER TO JUSTIFY THE MODERN SCHEME OF ITS OPERATION An analysis of the retrospective study materials and development period of the Borzhomskoye field made it possible to justify the possibility of an increase in its water withdrawal and to propose a pilot operation scheme. When carried out in 2016– 2020 in each of the sections, the number of production wells was increased, the wells were switched to the pumping method of operation, and their optimal loads were selected. As a result, a modern field operation scheme was justified, in this relation the reserves were estimated. Keywords: carbon dioxide mineral water deposit, analysis of the operation mode, monitoring, pilot operation, substantiation of the increase in water withdrawal. p. 33-43 |
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УДК 556.3 Borevskiy B.V. (HYDEC) // borevsky@hydec.ru Abramov V.Yu. (HYDEC) // abramov@hydec.ru Ershov G.E. (HYDEC) // ershov@hydec.ru Sekerina I.N. (HYDEC) // sekerina@hydec.ru Yazvin A.L. (HYDEC) // alyazvin@hydec.ru Koroshinadze T. ( IDS « BORJOMI GEORGIA») // tkoroshinadze@ids-borjomi.com NATURAL HYDROGEOLOGICAL MODEL OF THE BORJOMI DEPOSIT OF CARBON DIOXIDE MINERAL WATERS AND ITS TRANSFORMATION IN THE PROCESS OF EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION The article considers the main features of the natural hydrogeological model of the Borjomi deposit of carbon dioxide mineral waters and its throne formation under the influence of self-spill from wells during exploration and operation. Geological and hydrogeological conditions are considered from the point of view of the formation and evaluation of the income and expenditure items of the field balance and the formation of the gas chemical composition of Borjomi carbon dioxide. The causes of changes in the hydrodynamic state of the field with a constant gas-chemical composition of mineral waters are analyzed. The methodology of revaluation of mineral water reserves “Borjomi” is substantiated with the combined use of the hydraulic method and mathematical modeling based on materials of pilot industrial operation. The considered approach made it possible to justify the 1.6-fold increase in the reserves of Borjomi mineral water. Keywords: carbon dioxide mineral water deposit, natural hydrogeological model, income and expenditure balance items, formation of gas chemical composition, revaluation of reserves. p. 44-53 |
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УДК 556.388.2+614.445 Nakhapetyan A.K. (CJSC «HYDEC») // NakhapetianAK@hydec.ru SIZE OPTIMIZATION OF THE SANITARY PROTECTION ZONE BASED ON THE RESULTS OF SPECIALIZED ENGINEERING SURVEYS DURING ENGINEERING This article discusses the need for specialized engineering hydrogeological surveys in the design of Sanitary Protection Zones, within the design zones of the SPZ. An example is given illustrating the possibility of reducing the size of SPZ taking into account the analysis of planned data substantiating the protection of groundwater in drinking water intake. Keywords: sanitary protection zone, underground water intake, engineering surveys, underground water protection, drinking water. p. 54-57 |
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УДК 553.98 Abramov V.Yu. (CJSC «HYDEC») // abramov@hydec.ru Pyatayev A.A. (LLC «Geosystems») // geosistems@mail.ru ON THE ROLE OF HYDROTHERMAL SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS IN THE FORMATION OF HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS OF MAGMATIC AND THERMOMETAMORPHIC GENESIS In this article, from the point of view of the supercritical fluid extraction of organic substances from sedimentary rocks and supercritical cracking of hydrocarbons (separation into fractions), on the example of supercritical fluids (SCF) of carbon dioxide and water is justified by the possibility of formation of deposits of hydrocarbon systems (oil) of magmatic and thermometamorphic genesis. Keywords: carbon dioxide mineral waters, supercritical fluids of CO2, H2S and H2O, extracted with CO2 sc-fluids petroleum series, organic carbon composition. p. 57-63 |
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УДК 556.332.6 Zubanova T.N. (HYDEC) // saratov@hydec.ru Ustinova G.V. (HYDEC) // saratov@hydec.ru ASSESSMENT OF INCREASED INFILTRATION NUTRITION IN URBAN AREAS The article considers the correlation between the amount of precipitation infiltration in natural conditions and its change in the urban area under the influence of leaks from water-bearing communications. It is shown that this problem can be effectively solved by mathematical modeling. Moreover, under the influence of leaks from the urban area, the amount of infiltration can increase several times. Keywords: mathematical modeling, aquifer, interfluvial array, infiltration nutrition, model balance p. 63-67 |
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УДК 550.8, 556.314, 556.388 Garaeva T.V. (HYDEC) // kazan@hydec.ru Vavichkin A.Yu. (HYDEC) // av@hydec.ru ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS FOR THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN THE FORECAST OF THE QUALITY OF DRINKING GROUNDWATER AND THE EXPLOITATION DATA ON THE EXPLORED SITE IN THE PALEO-VALLEY OF THE SVIYAGA RIVER OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN The reasons for not confirming the exploratory forecast for changes in groundwater quality with operation data are considered. Particular attention is paid to the methodology for identifying and analyzing the reasons for the increase in the indicators of general hardness and iron in groundwater in the conditions of changing water management and sanitary conditions. Keywords: drinking underground water, prospecting and exploration, sanitary protection zone, water quality indicators, underground water pollution. p. 67-73 |
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УДК 556.3.06 Oliferova O.A. (HYDEC) // oliferova@hydec.ru Kozak S.Z. (HYDEC) SUBSTANTIATION OF THE GROUNDWATER ABSTRACTION SCHEME OF THE PRIMORSKY TPP IN THE KALININGRAD REGION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF HETEROGENEITY OF THE TARGET QUATERNARY AQUIFER The heterogeneity of the quaternary aquifer complex, composed of inter-moraine aquifers and clay deposits of moraines in the area of glacial accumulation in the south of the Kaliningrad Peninsula, was studied by the method of ground-based geophysics and during cluster testing and filtration testing during the exploration of the Primorsky underground water field. The heterogeneity scheme of the target Dnieper-Moscow inter-moraine aquifer developed on the basis of these studies made it possible to substantiate the water intake scheme of the Primorsky TPP, in relation to which groundwater reserves were estimated. Keywords: Primorskoe underground water field, ground-based Geophysics (ZSB-ZMPP), heterogeneity scheme, pumping interpretation, water intake design scheme, numerical modeling, estimation of underground water reserves. p. 73-78 |