2-2025

CONTENTS № 2/2025

Yazvin A.L. (HYDEC)

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPLORATORY HYDROGEOLOGY IN TERMS OF DRINKING GROUNDWATER

The most pressing problems of exploratory hydrogeology of the early 21st century, associated with a change in the priorities of the industry: from the creation of the country’s mineral resource base to the regulatory framework for the study and extraction of groundwater are considered. The article by B.V. Borevsky and L.S. Yazvin «Strategy for the Development of the Resource Base of Drinking Groundwater in Russia in the 21st Century», published in 2003, is taken as a starting point. The main trends and prospects for the further development of exploratory hydrogeology are outlined.

Keywords: drinking groundwater, geological exploration, reserve assessment,
water quality study, regulatory framework.

P. 5-10

Borevskiy B.V. , Ershov G.E., Kuvykina Yu.Yu. (HYDEC)

SPACE-TIME CHANGE IN THE CONDITIONS OF RESERVES FORMATION OF THE MEZYB GROUNDWATER DEPOSIT DURING ITS EXPLOITATION

The conditions of reserves formation of the Mezyb groundwater deposit, confined to the valleys of the Mezyb and Aderba rivers on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, are considered. The problem of water supply of the city of Gelendzhik is the deficit of water in water-critical periods. The main source of formation of groundwater reserves is the surface runoff of the Mezyb and Aderba rivers, the value of which is extremely variable in the intra-annual and long-term context. In the intra-annual cycle, two fundamentally different periods are distinguished: full-flow and low-water (water-critical). During the high-flow period, the water intake works as an infiltration one, during the low-flow period, the capacity reserves are depleted, and the surface runoff is transformed along the river valleys into a deep low-flow period with its complete absorption into a deep low-flow period. The productivity of the water intake significantly depends on the amount of surface runoff of the Mezyb and Aderba rivers and changes from its values during exploitation. The use of the mathematical modeling method made it possible to predict groundwater levels not only in conditions of periods of different water content and in relation to the modes of uniform and uneven intra-annual water withdrawal, but also considering the possibility of artificial replenishment of groundwater reserves.

Keywords: reserves, Mezyb deposit, groundwater, source of reserve formation, surface runoff, high-flow period, low-flow period, capacity depletion, water intake, mathematical modeling, water content, artificial replenishment of reserves.

P. 11-17

Borevskiy B.V. , Oliferova O.A., Ershov G.E., Zubanova Т.N., Kuvykina Yu.Yu. (HYDEC)

REGULARITIES OF FORMATION OF GROUNDWATER RESERVES OF DEPOSITS IN TALIKS OF RIVER VALLEYS OF THE CRYOLITHOZONE

In the areas of permafrost development, reliable and stable water supply is provided by groundwater of talik zones in river valleys. The results of reassessment of groundwater reserves of several large deposits in talik zones of sediments of river valleys of the cryolithozone showed that the conditions for the formation of groundwater reserves of these deposits are determined by the annual replenishment of the capacitive reserves depleted during the drainless period. The main sources of formation of groundwater reserves for this type of deposits are natural resources (considering long-term variability of groundwater recharge) and capacitive reserves (in the drainless period), as well as attracted resources of surface runoff in the spring-summer period.

Keywords: water intake, talik, cryolithozone, groundwater reserves, predictive modeling.

P. 18-26

Maslov A.A., Samartsev V.N., Grinevskiy S.O., Preobrazhenskaya A.E., Lekhov V.A., Filimonova E.A., Baranovskaya E.I., Glukhova S.A., Kharitonova N.A., Pozdnyakov S.P. (Lomonosov Moscow State University)

ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN CRIMEA ON THE BASIS OF THE PENINSULA REGIONAL GROUNDWATER FLOW MODEL

On the basis of systematized background materials and analysis of patterns of recharge in different landscape and climatic conditions of the peninsula, a regional flow model of Crimea was created, which satisfactorily reproduces the current conditions of formation of groundwater resources and the existing distribution of water withdrawals. On the basis of the constructed model, taking into account the identified water scarce areas and the limitations imposed by the hydrochemical conditions of the main exploited aquifers, the resource potential of groundwater in Crimea was assessed.

Keywords: groundwater resource potential, natural groundwater resources, groundwater recharge, groundwater-surface water interaction, water demand satisfaction deficit, groundwater quality, regional flow modeling.

P. 27-35

Borevskiy B.V.¹ , Oliferova O.A.¹, Markov M.L.² (1 — HYDEC, 2 — GGI)

ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF FORCED WATER WITHDRAWAL OF GROUNDWATER IN CRITICAL YEARS IN TERMS OF WATER CONTENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BESHTEREK-ZUYSKY SECTION OF THE SIMFEROPOL DEPOSIT)

The possibility of partial coverage of the water supply deficit of Simferopol with groundwater of the Beshterek-Zuysky section of the Simferopol deposit during periods of low water content when water supply from reservoirs is stopped by changing the operating mode of the water intake is substantiated. The method of mathematical modeling in accordance with the scenario of alternation of low-water, medium-water and high-water years for the forecast period, substantiated by hydrological data, proves the possibility of a forced mode of operation of the water intake with a capacity of 30.0 thousand m3/day with a subsequent decrease in this value in high-water years to 15 thousand m3/day to compensate for water withdrawal under the forced mode.

Keywords: groundwater, water supply, water withdrawal, forced mode of operation of the water intake.

P. 36-43

Biteykina M.N., Ershov G.E., Yazvin A.L. (HYDEC)

EXPERIENCE OF REVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER RESERVES BY MATHEMATICAL MODELING UNDER INTENSIVE ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD

The article discusses approaches to revaluation of groundwater reserves by mathematical modeling based on data from water intakes under intensive anthropogenic load. It is shown that changes in hydrogeological conditions over the 25-year period since the reserves were assessed are due to a reduction in groundwater extraction, as well as a decrease in technogenic recharge associated with more economical water consumption. The inverse geofiltration problem, when specifying actual data on water withdrawal on the model, is reduced to finding infiltration values and their dynamics within zones identified in accordance with natural and technogenic factors in the formation of groundwater recharge. The predictive calculations of groundwater levels and priority quality indicators (total hardness, nitrates) showed the possibility of further operation of water intakes with withdrawal in the amount of the declared need.

Keywords: groundwater reserves, water supply, infiltration feeding, model calibration, quality forecast.

P. 44-50

Palkin S.S., Palkin K.S., Palkin N.S. (HYDEC)

RISKS IN THE DISCOVERY OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN COASTAL AREAS OF SHALLOW WATERS OF THE YAMAL NORTH

In the polar part of Yamal, with the widespread development of permafrost to depths of 100–200 meters or more, talik zones can be found in the upper part of the geological section associated with the warming effect of surface water bodies and containing fresh water suitable for drinking water supply. At the same time, in the coastal areas of shallow waters in the delta of the However, there are risks in identifying such groundwater due to the spread of sluggish frozen rocks.

Keywords: groundwater, permafrost formation, sluggish rocks, groundwater resources, geophysical investigations, tabetisol.

P. 51-54

Borevskiy B.V. , Sekerina I.N., Yazvin A.L. (HYDEC)

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO COMPARISON OF PILOT RELEASES CONDUCTED AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF STUDYING CARBONIC MINERAL WATER DEPOSITS FOR THE PURPOSE OF REVALUATION OF RESERVES (USING THE NAGUT DEPOSIT AS AN EXAMPLE)

In the conditions of the IV complexity group introduced in the «Classification of reserves…» for carbonic mineral water deposits of the «hydroinjection type», conducting releases lasting 1–1,5 years or more, practiced since the middle of the 20th century, does not lead to an increase in the validity of the forecasts performed and the proposed design solutions. When revaluating the reserves of the Caucasian Mineral Waters region deposits, characterized by a high degree of study, the duration of pilot releases can be reduced. At the same time, to study the formation of modern hydrogeological conditions and assess the changes occurring in them, a comprehensive analysis of the entire set of materials obtained during the releases and extraction of groundwater is necessary. For each well (site), all releases of different years that are of interest to justify the amount of reserves and their categorization should be considered, with a comparison by their duration, flow rates, drawdowns and the nature of the filtration regime, pressure change trends, gas chemical composition.

Keywords: carbonated mineral waters, deposits of the IV complexity group, pilot releases, hydrodynamic regime, gas chemical composition, revaluation of reserves, forecast.

P. 55-63

Spector S.V.¹, Chernev I.I.², Krasnikov R.V.³ (1 — HYDEC, 2 — KAMCHATENERGO, 3 — HYDROSPECGEOLOGY)

MUTNOVSKY GEOTHERMAL FIELD: ANALYSIS OF THE LONG-TERM OPERATION RESULTS

The hydrogeothermal model of the Mutnovsky field is described. The actual data are presented and the results of 18 years of operation of the Mutnovsky steam-hydrothermal field are analyzed. The changes in the flow rate and energy parameters of the heat carrier, reservoir temperatures and pressures, and chemical composition are shown. The thermodynamic features of the operation of productive wells and the reasons for the decrease in their productivity are characterized.

Keywords: steam-hydrothermal field, geothermal reservoir, hydrogeothermal model, steam-water mixture, Mutnovsky field.

P. 66-72

Zubanova T.N., Ershov G.E., Yazvin A.L. (HYDEC)

ASSESSMENT OF THE PREDICTED QUALITY OF GROUNDWATER AT THE SITE OF THE OPERATING WATER INTAKE IN COMPLEX HYDROCHEMICAL CONDITIONS USING MATHEMATICAL MODELING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE OSINSKY SECTION OF THE KRASNOARMEYSKY MPPV)

The main features of the formation of the chemical composition of groundwater in the Kazan deposits of the Upper Permian during long-term operation of a group water intake are characterized. The main results on the solution of inverse and predictive problems are described, a rational scheme for the operation of the Osinsky water intake is proposed.

Keywords: water supply, schematization, geomigration modeling, predictive problems, groundwater reserves.

P. 72-77

Rastorguev I.A.1, Rastorguev A.V.2 (1 — NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 2 — MSU)

GROUNDWATER FLOW SIMULATION USING MODERN SOFTWARE

Several hydrogeological modeling codes of Russian and foreign development are depicted. A brief description of these codes is given. A test comparison of these codes is considered. A verification is also performed with an analytical solution and with a numerical code of our own development.

Keywords: DHI FEFLOW, MODFLOW, GeRa, tNavigator, analytical calculation, codes of our own development.

P. 78-81

Ershov G.E. (HYDEC)

ON THE DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ESTIMATED POROSITY OF ROCKS WHEN JUSTIFYING THE SIZES OF THE SECOND AND THIRD SPZ BELTS IN FRACTURED-POROUS FORMATIONS

The article considers typical conditions for calculating the boundaries of the SPZ for a single water intake in a fractured-porous formation. Estimates of the asymptotic regime indicators in a heterogeneous-block medium for the estimated justification time of the 3rd SPZ belt are made. It is shown that for such a long migration time under typical conditions, all the conditions for the transition to the asymptotic migration regime are met, as a result of which the estimated porosity can be taken close to the total porosity of the water-bearing rock blocks. The problem lies in the significant overestimation of the estimated sizes of the SPZ in standard migration calculations in fractured-porous rocks, which complicates the organization of sanitary protection of water intakes.

Keywords: groundwater, sanitary protection zone, total and effective porosity, heterogeneous block medium, asymptotic regime.

P. 82-84

Yazvin A.L. (HYDEC)

ON THE POSSIBILITY OF IDENTIFYING SEVERAL CATEGORIES OF GROUNDWATER RESERVES FOR ONE JUSTIFYING WELL

The problem of identifying several categories of groundwater reserves for one justifying well has been discussed for several decades. This issue is most acute for mineral water deposits of the 4th complexity group, operated by single water intakes. The article shows that regulatory documents do not establish a relationship between the number of wells and the number of reserve categories, and there are no hydrogeological grounds for refusing the possibility of identifying two categories of reserves for one well.

Keywords: groundwater reserves, justifying wells, categorization of reserves.

P. 85-87

Abramov V.Yu.¹, Golovina E.I.², Rozhenchikov V.G.³, Soldatova O.A.⁴, Kharkhordin I.L.⁵ (1 — HYDEC, 2 — Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University, 3 — S. Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting, 4 — Saint-Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science, 5 — Geostroyproekt)

MODERN METHODS FOR REMEDIATION AND LOCALIZATION OF OIL POLLUTION SITES IN THE GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (ANALITIC REVIEW)

Pollution of groundwater and rocks of the vadose zone with oil and oil products occurs in many regions of Russian Federation. In the review, methods and conditions of application of the following technologies for cleaning contaminated oil products are considered: soil vapor extraction, bioventing, air sparging, multi-phase extraction, bioremediation in situ, and chemical oxidation.

Keywords: soil vapor extraction, bioventing, air sparging, multi-phase extraction, bioremediation, chemical oxidation.

P. 88-92

Sorokoumova Ya.V., Rastorguev A.V. (Lomonosov Moscow State University)

DISSOLVED METHANE MIGRATION ESTIMATION AT THE BOTTOM FAULT ZONE AT THE BAIKAL LAKE

The paper presents the results of analytical calculations of dissolved methane mass transfer along the fault zone of the Lake Baikal bottom. The calculations have shown a significant addiction of the dissolved gas concentration distribution to the molecular diffusion coefficient of dissolved methane in water, as well as to the longitudinal dispersivity parameter. Parameters describing the distribution of dissolved methane concentrations in the fault zone close to the maximum solubility of this gas at varying depth due to temperature changes were obtained.

Keywords: groundwater, dissolved methane, analytical solution of mass transfer, dispersivity, Baikal Lake.

P. 93-98

Yasenik S.V. (HYDEC)

ON THE NEED TO USE CERTAIN TYPES OF FIELD WORK WHEN REVALUATING GROUNDWATER RESERVES AT EXISTING WATER INTAKES

Specific examples are used to substantiate the need to carry out certain types of field work when planning the revaluation of groundwater reserves at existing groundwater intakes.

Keywords: groundwater, water intake, revaluation of reserves, field work, types of work, justification.

P. 98-103

RESULTS OF USING HYDROCHLORIC ACID TREATMENT OF WELLS TO INCREASE THEIR PRODUCTIVITY AT THE STAGE OF GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF THE TSAREVSKOYE GROUNDWATER DEPOSIT IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

The article considers the issues of industrial development of an aquifer during the construction of wells at the stage of prospecting and evaluation of areas (deposits) of drinking and industrial groundwater for water supply purposes. The construction of wells using a technology that ensures maximum pumping flow rate, the creation of a fragment of a water intake row simulating its industrial operation at the site of the planned water intake make it possible to reduce the time and costs of a potential subsoil user to prepare for the industrial development of the deposit.

Keywords: water intake, groundwater, well productivity, hydrochloric acid treatment, industrial operation.

P. 103-108

EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE PACKAGE EXPLAY: VIRTUAL GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION IN THE FORMAT OF A BUSINESS GAME

The organization and content of the educational business game on virtual exploration and assessment of groundwater reserves based on the original EXPLAY software package developed at the Department of Hydrogeology of Moscow State University and simulating the main types of field research at deposits in river valleys are considered. The principles of modeling exploration work based on a real groundwater deposit, the setting and results of virtual studies at different stages of exploration, the result of which is the calculation of groundwater reserves, are presented.

Keywords: business game, assessment of groundwater reserves, groundwater, exploration work.

P. 108-118